Packages

  • package root

    This is the documentation for the Scala standard library.

    This is the documentation for the Scala standard library.

    Package structure

    The scala package contains core types like Int, Float, Array or Option which are accessible in all Scala compilation units without explicit qualification or imports.

    Notable packages include:

    Other packages exist. See the complete list on the right.

    Additional parts of the standard library are shipped as separate libraries. These include:

    • scala.reflect - Scala's reflection API (scala-reflect.jar)
    • scala.xml - XML parsing, manipulation, and serialization (scala-xml.jar)
    • scala.collection.parallel - Parallel collections (scala-parallel-collections.jar)
    • scala.util.parsing - Parser combinators (scala-parser-combinators.jar)
    • scala.swing - A convenient wrapper around Java's GUI framework called Swing (scala-swing.jar)

    Automatic imports

    Identifiers in the scala package and the scala.Predef object are always in scope by default.

    Some of these identifiers are type aliases provided as shortcuts to commonly used classes. For example, List is an alias for scala.collection.immutable.List.

    Other aliases refer to classes provided by the underlying platform. For example, on the JVM, String is an alias for java.lang.String.

    Definition Classes
    root
  • package scala

    Core Scala types.

    Core Scala types. They are always available without an explicit import.

    Definition Classes
    root
  • package util
    Definition Classes
    scala
  • object Using

    A utility for performing automatic resource management.

    A utility for performing automatic resource management. It can be used to perform an operation using resources, after which it releases the resources in reverse order of their creation.

    Usage

    There are multiple ways to automatically manage resources with Using. If you only need to manage a single resource, the apply method is easiest; it wraps the resource opening, operation, and resource releasing in a Try.

    Example:

    val lines: Try[Seq[String]] =
      Using(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"))) { reader =>
        Iterator.unfold(())(_ => Option(reader.readLine()).map(_ -> ())).toList
      }

    If you need to manage multiple resources, Using.Manager should be used. It allows the managing of arbitrarily many resources, whose creation, use, and release are all wrapped in a Try.

    Example:

    val lines: Try[Seq[String]] = Using.Manager { use =>
      val r1 = use(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file1.txt")))
      val r2 = use(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file2.txt")))
      val r3 = use(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file3.txt")))
      val r4 = use(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file4.txt")))
    
      // use your resources here
      def lines(reader: BufferedReader): Iterator[String] =
        Iterator.unfold(())(_ => Option(reader.readLine()).map(_ -> ()))
    
      (lines(r1) ++ lines(r2) ++ lines(r3) ++ lines(r4)).toList
    }

    If you wish to avoid wrapping management and operations in a Try, you can use Using.resource, which throws any exceptions that occur.

    Example:

    val lines: Seq[String] =
      Using.resource(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"))) { reader =>
        Iterator.unfold(())(_ => Option(reader.readLine()).map(_ -> ())).toList
      }

    Suppression Behavior

    If two exceptions are thrown (e.g., by an operation and closing a resource), one of them is re-thrown, and the other is added to it as a suppressed exception. If the two exceptions are of different 'severities' (see below), the one of a higher severity is re-thrown, and the one of a lower severity is added to it as a suppressed exception. If the two exceptions are of the same severity, the one thrown first is re-thrown, and the one thrown second is added to it as a suppressed exception. If an exception is a ControlThrowable, or if it does not support suppression (see Throwable's constructor with an enableSuppression parameter), an exception that would have been suppressed is instead discarded.

    Exceptions are ranked from highest to lowest severity as follows:

    • java.lang.VirtualMachineError
    • java.lang.LinkageError
    • java.lang.InterruptedException and java.lang.ThreadDeath
    • fatal exceptions, excluding scala.util.control.ControlThrowable
    • scala.util.control.ControlThrowable
    • all other exceptions

    When more than two exceptions are thrown, the first two are combined and re-thrown as described above, and each successive exception thrown is combined as it is thrown.

    Definition Classes
    util
  • Manager
  • Releasable

trait Releasable[-R] extends AnyRef

A typeclass describing how to release a particular type of resource.

A resource is anything which needs to be released, closed, or otherwise cleaned up in some way after it is finished being used, and for which waiting for the object's garbage collection to be cleaned up would be unacceptable. For example, an instance of java.io.OutputStream would be considered a resource, because it is important to close the stream after it is finished being used.

An instance of Releasable is needed in order to automatically manage a resource with Using. An implicit instance is provided for all types extending java.lang.AutoCloseable.

R

the type of the resource

Source
Using.scala
Linear Supertypes
Type Hierarchy
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Inherited
  1. Releasable
  2. AnyRef
  3. Any
Implicitly
  1. by any2stringadd
  2. by StringFormat
  3. by Ensuring
  4. by ArrowAssoc
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Abstract Value Members

  1. abstract def release(resource: R): Unit

    Releases the specified resource.