Reifier
Related Doc:
package reify
Test two objects for inequality.
Test two objects for inequality.
true if !(this == that), false otherwise.
Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null.
Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null.
For numerics, it returns a hash value which is consistent
with value equality: if two value type instances compare
as true, then ## will produce the same hash value for each
of them.
For null returns a hashcode where null.hashCode throws a
NullPointerException.
a hash value consistent with ==
The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).
The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).
true if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false otherwise.
Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics.
Therefore the expression 1.asInstanceOf[String] will throw a ClassCastException at
runtime, while the expression List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]] will not.
In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is
not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested type.
the receiver object.
ClassCastException if the receiver object is not an instance of the erasure of type T0.
Merely traverses the reifiee and records symbols local to the reifee along with their metalevels.
Merely traverses the reifiee and records symbols local to the reifee along with their metalevels.
Create a copy of the receiver object.
Create a copy of the receiver object.
The default implementation of the clone method is platform dependent.
a copy of the receiver object.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
The eq method implements an equivalence relation on
non-null instances of AnyRef, and has three additional properties:
x and y of type AnyRef, multiple invocations of
x.eq(y) consistently returns true or consistently returns false.x of type AnyRef, x.eq(null) and null.eq(x) returns false.null.eq(null) returns true. When overriding the equals or hashCode methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is
consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2), they
should be equal to each other (o1 == o2) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode).
true if the argument is a reference to the receiver object; false otherwise.
The equality method for reference types.
Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.
Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.
The details of when and if the finalize method is invoked, as
well as the interaction between finalize and non-local returns
and exceptions, are all platform dependent.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
A representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
A representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
The nature of the representation is platform dependent.
a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
The hashCode method for reference types.
Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.
Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.
Note that the result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics.
Therefore the expression 1.isInstanceOf[String] will return false, while the
expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]] will return true.
In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is
not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the specified type.
true if the receiver object is an instance of erasure of type T0; false otherwise.
Makes sense of cross-stage bindings.
Makes sense of cross-stage bindings.
Analysis of cross-stage bindings becomes convenient if we introduce the notion of metalevels. Metalevel of a tree is a number that gets incremented every time you reify something and gets decremented when you splice something. Metalevel of a symbol is equal to the metalevel of its definition.
Example 1. Consider the following snippet:
reify { val x = 2 // metalevel of symbol x is 1, because it's declared inside reify val y = reify{x} // metalevel of symbol y is 1, because it's declared inside reify // metalevel of Ident(x) is 2, because it's inside two reifies y.splice // metalevel of Ident(y) is 0, because it's inside a designator of a splice }
Cross-stage bindings are introduced when symbol.metalevel != curr_metalevel. Both bindings introduced in Example 1 are cross-stage.
Depending on what side of the inequality is greater, the following situations might occur:
1) symbol.metalevel < curr_metalevel. In this case reifier will generate a free variable that captures both the name of the symbol (to be compiled successfully) and its value (to be run successfully). For example, x in Example 1 will be reified as follows: Ident(newFreeVar("x", IntTpe, x))
2) symbol.metalevel > curr_metalevel. This leads to a metalevel breach that violates intuitive perception of splicing. As defined in macro spec, splicing takes a tree and inserts it into another tree - as simple as that. However, how exactly do we do that in the case of y.splice? In this very scenario we can use dataflow analysis and inline it, but what if y were a var, and what if it were calculated randomly at runtime?
This question has a genuinely simple answer. Sure, we cannot resolve such splices statically (i.e. during macro expansion of reify),
but now we have runtime toolboxes, so noone stops us from picking up that reified tree and evaluating it at runtime
(in fact, this is something that Expr.splice does transparently).
This is akin to early vs late binding dilemma. The prior is faster, plus, the latter (implemented with reflection) might not work because of visibility issues or might be not available on all platforms. But the latter still has its uses, so I'm allowing metalevel breaches, but introducing the -Xlog-runtime-evals to log them.
upd. We no longer do that. In case of a runaway splice inside a reify, one will get a static error.
Why? Unfortunately, the cute idea of transparently converting between static and dynamic splices has failed.
1) Runtime eval that services dynamic splices requires scala-compiler.jar, which might not be on library classpath
2) Runtime eval incurs a severe performance penalty, so it'd better to be explicit about it
As we can see, the only problem is the fact that lhs'es of splice can be code blocks that can capture variables from the outside.
Code inside the lhs of an splice is not reified, while the code from the enclosing reify is.
Hence some bindings become cross-stage, which is not bad per se (in fact, some cross-stage bindings have sane semantics, as in the example above). However this affects freevars, since they are delicate inter-dimensional beings that refer to both current and next planes of existence. When splicing tears the fabric of the reality apart, some freevars have to go single-dimensional to retain their sanity.
Example 2. Consider the following snippet:
reify { val x = 2 reify{x}.splice }
Since the result of the inner reify is wrapped in a splice, it won't be reified together with the other parts of the outer reify, but will be inserted into that result verbatim.
The inner reify produces an Expr[Int] that wraps Ident(freeVar("x", IntTpe, x)). However the freevar the reification points to will vanish when the compiler processes the outer reify. That's why we need to replace that freevar with a regular symbol that will point to reified x.
Example 3. Consider the following fragment:
reify { val x = 2 val y = reify{x} y.splice }
In this case the inner reify doesn't appear next to splice, so it will be reified together with x. This means that no special processing is needed here.
Example 4. Consider the following fragment:
reify { val x = 2 { val y = 2 val z = reify{reify{x + y}} z.splice }.splice }
The reasoning from Example 2 still holds here - we do need to inline the freevar that refers to x. However, we must not touch anything inside the splice'd block, because it's not getting reified.
Equivalent to !(this eq that).
Equivalent to !(this eq that).
true if the argument is not a reference to the receiver object; false otherwise.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
An (unreified) path that refers to definition with given fully qualified name
An (unreified) path that refers to definition with given fully qualified name
Creator for last portion of name (either TermName or TypeName)
For reifee and other reification parameters, generate a tree of the form
For reifee and other reification parameters, generate a tree of the form
{
val $u: universe.type = <[ universe ]>
val $m: $u.Mirror = <[ mirror ]>
$u.Expr[T](rtree) // if data is a Tree
$u.TypeTag[T](rtree) // if data is a Type
}where
universe is the tree that represents the universe the result will be bound to.mirror is the tree that represents the mirror the result will be initially bound to.rtree is code that generates reifee at runtime.T is the type that corresponds to data.This is not a method, but a value to indicate the fact that Reifier instances are a one-off.
Keeps track of whether this reification contains abstract type parameters
Keeps track of whether this reification contains abstract type parameters
Reifies any supported value.
Reifies any supported value.
For internal use only, use reified instead.
Reify a case object defined in Mirror
Reify a case object defined in Mirror
Reify a reference to a symbol
Reify a reference to a symbol
Reify a tree.
Reify a tree.
For internal use only, use reified instead.
Reify a type.
Reify a type.
For internal use only, use reified instead.
Rolls back certain changes that were introduced during typechecking of the reifee.
Rolls back certain changes that were introduced during typechecking of the reifee.
These include: * Undoing macro expansions * Replacing type trees with TypeTree(tpe) * Reassembling CompoundTypeTrees into reifiable form * Transforming Modifiers.annotations into Symbol.annotations * Transforming Annotated annotations into AnnotatedType annotations * Transforming Annotated(annot, expr) into Typed(expr, TypeTree(Annotated(annot, _)) * Non-idempotencies of the typechecker: https://issues.scala-lang.org/browse/SI-5464
Encapsulates reifier state
Encapsulates reifier state
When untangling reifier symbol tables from the reifier itself, I discovered that encoding of a symbol table (e.g. producing corresponding reificode) might cause subsequent reification (e.g. when filling in signatures and annotations for syms).
This is a mess in the face of nested reifications, splices and inlining of thereof,
so I made SymbolTable immutable, which brought a significant amount of sanity.
However that wasn't enough. Sure, symbol table became immutable, but the reifier still needed
to mutate its symtab field during reification. This caused nasty desyncs between the table being encoded
and the table of the underlying reifier, so I decided to encapsulate the entire state here,
so that encoding can backup the state before it starts and restore it after it completes.
Symbol table of the reifee.
Symbol table of the reifee.
Keeps track of auxiliary symbols that are necessary for this reification session. These include: 1) Free vars (terms, types and existentials), 2) Non-locatable symbols (sometimes, e.g. for RefinedTypes, we need to reify these; to do that we create their copies in the reificode) 3) Non-locatable symbols that are referred by #1, #2 and #3
Exposes three main methods:
1) syms that lists symbols belonging to the table,
2) symXXX family of methods that provide information about the symbols in the table,
3) encode that renders the table into a list of trees (recursively populating #3 and setting up initialization code for #1, #2 and #3)
An (unreified) path that refers to term definition with given fully qualified name
An (unreified) path that refers to term definition with given fully qualified name
Creates a String representation of this object.
Creates a String representation of this object. The default representation is platform dependent. On the java platform it is the concatenation of the class name, "@", and the object's hashcode in hexadecimal.
a String representation of the object.
Given a tree or a type, generate a tree that when executed at runtime produces the original tree or type. See more info in the comments to
reifyin scala.reflect.api.Universe.2.10
2.10