Packages

object Exception

Classes representing the components of exception handling.

Each class is independently composable.

This class differs from scala.util.Try in that it focuses on composing exception handlers rather than composing behavior. All behavior should be composed first and fed to a Catch object using one of the opt, either or withTry methods. Taken together the classes provide a DSL for composing catch and finally behaviors.

Examples

Create a Catch which handles specified exceptions.

import scala.util.control.Exception._
import java.net._

val s = "https://www.scala-lang.org/"

// Some(https://www.scala-lang.org/)
val x1: Option[URL] = catching(classOf[MalformedURLException]) opt new URL(s)

// Right(https://www.scala-lang.org/)
val x2: Either[Throwable,URL] =
  catching(classOf[MalformedURLException], classOf[NullPointerException]) either new URL(s)

// Success(https://www.scala-lang.org/)
val x3: Try[URL] = catching(classOf[MalformedURLException], classOf[NullPointerException]) withTry new URL(s)

val defaultUrl = new URL("http://example.com")
//  URL(http://example.com) because htt/xx throws MalformedURLException
val x4: URL = failAsValue(classOf[MalformedURLException])(defaultUrl)(new URL("htt/xx"))

Create a Catch which logs exceptions using handling and by.

def log(t: Throwable): Unit = t.printStackTrace

val withThrowableLogging: Catch[Unit] = handling(classOf[MalformedURLException]) by (log)

def printUrl(url: String) : Unit = {
  val con = new URL(url) openConnection()
  val source = scala.io.Source.fromInputStream(con.getInputStream())
  source.getLines().foreach(println)
}

val badUrl = "htt/xx"
// Prints stacktrace,
//   java.net.MalformedURLException: no protocol: htt/xx
//     at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:586)
withThrowableLogging { printUrl(badUrl) }

val goodUrl = "https://www.scala-lang.org/"
// Prints page content,
//   <!DOCTYPE html>
//   <html>
withThrowableLogging { printUrl(goodUrl) }

Use unwrapping to create a Catch that unwraps exceptions before rethrowing.

class AppException(cause: Throwable) extends RuntimeException(cause)

val unwrappingCatch: Catch[Nothing] = unwrapping(classOf[AppException])

def calcResult: Int = throw new AppException(new NullPointerException)

// Throws NPE not AppException,
//   java.lang.NullPointerException
//     at .calcResult(<console>:17)
val result = unwrappingCatch(calcResult)

Use failAsValue to provide a default when a specified exception is caught.

val inputDefaulting: Catch[Int] = failAsValue(classOf[NumberFormatException])(0)
val candidatePick = "seven" // scala.io.StdIn.readLine()

// Int = 0
val pick = inputDefaulting(candidatePick.toInt)

Compose multiple Catchs with or to build a Catch that provides default values varied by exception.

val formatDefaulting: Catch[Int] = failAsValue(classOf[NumberFormatException])(0)
val nullDefaulting: Catch[Int] = failAsValue(classOf[NullPointerException])(-1)
val otherDefaulting: Catch[Int] = nonFatalCatch withApply(_ => -100)

val combinedDefaulting: Catch[Int] = formatDefaulting or nullDefaulting or otherDefaulting

def p(s: String): Int = s.length * s.toInt

// Int = 0
combinedDefaulting(p("tenty-nine"))

// Int = -1
combinedDefaulting(p(null: String))

// Int = -100
combinedDefaulting(throw new IllegalStateException)

// Int = 22
combinedDefaulting(p("11"))
Source
Exception.scala
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Catch behavior composition

Build Catch objects from exception lists and catch logic

  1. def catching[T](exceptions: Class[_]*): Catch[T]

    Creates a Catch object which will catch any of the supplied exceptions.

    Creates a Catch object which will catch any of the supplied exceptions. Since the returned Catch object has no specific logic defined and will simply rethrow the exceptions it catches, you will typically want to call opt, either or withTry on the return value, or assign custom logic by calling "withApply".

    Note that Catch objects automatically rethrow ControlExceptions and others which should only be caught in exceptional circumstances. If you really want to catch exactly what you specify, use catchingPromiscuously instead.

  2. def failAsValue[T](exceptions: Class[_]*)(value: => T): Catch[T]

    Creates a Catch object which maps all the supplied exceptions to the given value.

  3. def failing[T](exceptions: Class[_]*): Catch[Option[T]]

    Creates a Catch object which maps all the supplied exceptions to None.

  4. def ignoring(exceptions: Class[_]*): Catch[Unit]

    Creates a Catch object which catches and ignores any of the supplied exceptions.

  5. def unwrapping[T](exceptions: Class[_]*): Catch[T]

    Creates a Catch object which unwraps any of the supplied exceptions.

Finally behavior composition

Build Catch objects from finally logic

  1. def ultimately[T](body: => Unit): Catch[T]

    Returns a Catch object with no catch logic and the argument as the finally logic.

General purpose catch objects

Catch objects with predefined behavior. Use combinator methods to compose additional behavior.

  1. final def allCatch[T]: Catch[T]

    A Catch object which catches everything.

  2. final val noCatch: Catch[Nothing]

    The empty Catch object.

  3. final def nonFatalCatch[T]: Catch[T]

    A Catch object which catches non-fatal exceptions.

DSL behavior composition

Expressive Catch behavior composition

  1. def handling[T](exceptions: Class[_]*): By[(Throwable) => T, Catch[T]]

    Returns a partially constructed Catch object, which you must give an exception handler function as an argument to by.

    Returns a partially constructed Catch object, which you must give an exception handler function as an argument to by.

    Example:
    1. handling(classOf[MalformedURLException], classOf[NullPointerException]) by (_.printStackTrace)

Promiscuous Catch behaviors

Useful if catching ControlThrowable or InterruptedException is required.

  1. def catchingPromiscuously[T](exceptions: Class[_]*): Catch[T]

    Creates a Catch object which will catch any of the supplied exceptions.

    Creates a Catch object which will catch any of the supplied exceptions. Unlike "catching" which filters out those in shouldRethrow, this one will catch whatever you ask of it including ControlThrowable or InterruptedException.

Logic Containers

Containers for catch and finally behavior.

  1. class Catch[+T] extends Described

    A container class for catch/finally logic.

    A container class for catch/finally logic.

    Pass a different value for rethrow if you want to probably unwisely allow catching control exceptions and other throwables which the rest of the world may expect to get through.

    T

    result type of bodies used in try and catch blocks

  2. class Finally extends Described

    A container class for finally code.

Ungrouped

  1. class By[T, R] extends AnyRef
  2. type Catcher[+T] = PartialFunction[Throwable, T]
  3. trait Described extends AnyRef
  1. final def allCatcher[T]: Catcher[T]
  2. def catching[T](c: Catcher[T]): Catch[T]
  3. def catchingPromiscuously[T](c: Catcher[T]): Catch[T]
  4. def mkCatcher[Ex <: Throwable, T](isDef: (Ex) => Boolean, f: (Ex) => T)(implicit arg0: ClassTag[Ex]): PartialFunction[Throwable, T]
  5. def mkThrowableCatcher[T](isDef: (Throwable) => Boolean, f: (Throwable) => T): PartialFunction[Throwable, T]
  6. final def nonFatalCatcher[T]: Catcher[T]
  7. final val nothingCatcher: Catcher[Nothing]
  8. def shouldRethrow(x: Throwable): Boolean

    !!! Not at all sure of every factor which goes into this, and/or whether we need multiple standard variations.

    !!! Not at all sure of every factor which goes into this, and/or whether we need multiple standard variations.

    returns

    true if x is ControlThrowable or InterruptedException otherwise false.

  9. implicit def throwableSubtypeToCatcher[Ex <: Throwable, T](pf: PartialFunction[Ex, T])(implicit arg0: ClassTag[Ex]): Catcher[T]