Test two objects for inequality.

Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null. For numerics, it returns a hash value which is consistent with value equality: if two value type instances compare as true, then ## will produce the same hash value for each of them. For null returns a hashcode where null.hashCode throws a NullPointerException.

Returns a new stack containing the elements from the left hand operand followed by the elements from the right hand operand. The element type of the stack is the most specific superclass encompassing the element types of the two operands.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1)
a: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val b = List(2)
b: List[Int] = List(2)

scala> val c = a ++ b
c: List[Int] = List(1, 2)

scala> val d = List('a')
d: List[Char] = List(a)

scala> val e = c ++ d
e: List[AnyVal] = List(1, 2, a)

As with ++, returns a new collection containing the elements from the left operand followed by the elements from the right operand.

It differs from ++ in that the right operand determines the type of the resulting collection rather than the left one. Mnemonic: the COLon is on the side of the new COLlection type.

Example:

scala> val x = List(1)
x: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val y = LinkedList(2)
y: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedList[Int] = LinkedList(2)

scala> val z = x ++: y
z: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedList[Int] = LinkedList(1, 2)

This overload exists because: for the implementation of ++: we should reuse that of ++ because many collections override it with more efficient versions.

Since TraversableOnce has no ++ method, we have to implement that directly, but Traversable and down can use the overload.

As with ++, returns a new collection containing the elements from the left operand followed by the elements from the right operand.

It differs from ++ in that the right operand determines the type of the resulting collection rather than the left one. Mnemonic: the COLon is on the side of the new COLlection type.

Example:

scala> val x = List(1)
x: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val y = LinkedList(2)
y: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedList[Int] = LinkedList(2)

scala> val z = x ++: y
z: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedList[Int] = LinkedList(1, 2)

A copy of the stack with an element prepended.

Note that :-ending operators are right associative (see example). A mnemonic for +: vs. :+ is: the COLon goes on the COLlection side.

Also, the original stack is not modified, so you will want to capture the result.

Example:

scala> val x = List(1)
x: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val y = 2 +: x
y: List[Int] = List(2, 1)

scala> println(x)
List(1)

Pushes a single element on top of the stack.

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: /: is alternate syntax for foldLeft; z /: xs is the same as xs foldLeft z.

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (5 /: a)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (5 /: a)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

A copy of this stack with an element appended.

A mnemonic for +: vs. :+ is: the COLon goes on the COLlection side.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1)
a: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val b = a :+ 2
b: List[Int] = List(1, 2)

scala> println(a)
List(1)

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator and a start value, going right to left.

Note: :\ is alternate syntax for foldRight; xs :\ z is the same as xs foldRight z.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (a :\ 5)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (a :\ 5)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this traversable or iterator without any separator string.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> val h = a.addString(b)
h: StringBuilder = 1234

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder using a separator string. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this traversable or iterator, separated by the string sep.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> a.addString(b, ", ")
res0: StringBuilder = 1, 2, 3, 4

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder using start, end, and separator strings. The written text begins with the string start and ends with the string end. Inside, the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this traversable or iterator are separated by the string sep.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> a.addString(b , "List(" , ", " , ")")
res5: StringBuilder = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

Aggregates the results of applying an operator to subsequent elements.

This is a more general form of fold and reduce. It is similar to foldLeft in that it doesn't require the result to be a supertype of the element type. In addition, it allows parallel collections to be processed in chunks, and then combines the intermediate results.

aggregate splits the traversable or iterator into partitions and processes each partition by sequentially applying seqop, starting with z (like foldLeft). Those intermediate results are then combined by using combop (like fold). The implementation of this operation may operate on an arbitrary number of collection partitions (even 1), so combop may be invoked an arbitrary number of times (even 0).

As an example, consider summing up the integer values of a list of chars. The initial value for the sum is 0. First, seqop transforms each input character to an Int and adds it to the sum (of the partition). Then, combop just needs to sum up the intermediate results of the partitions:

List('a', 'b', 'c').aggregate(0)({ (sum, ch) => sum + ch.toInt }, { (p1, p2) => p1 + p2 })

Composes this partial function with a transformation function that gets applied to results of this partial function.

Access element number n.

Applies this partial function to the given argument when it is contained in the function domain. Applies fallback function where this partial function is not defined.

Note that expression pf.applyOrElse(x, default) is equivalent to

if(pf isDefinedAt x) pf(x) else default(x)

except that applyOrElse method can be implemented more efficiently. For all partial function literals the compiler generates an applyOrElse implementation which avoids double evaluation of pattern matchers and guards. This makes applyOrElse the basis for the efficient implementation for many operations and scenarios, such as:

• combining partial functions into orElse/andThen chains does not lead to excessive apply/isDefinedAt evaluation
• lift and unlift do not evaluate source functions twice on each invocation
• runWith allows efficient imperative-style combining of partial functions with conditionally applied actions

For non-literal partial function classes with nontrivial isDefinedAt method it is recommended to override applyOrElse with custom implementation that avoids double isDefinedAt evaluation. This may result in better performance and more predictable behavior w.r.t. side effects.

Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.

Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression 1.asInstanceOf[String] will throw a ClassCastException at runtime, while the expression List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]] will not. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested type.

Method called from equality methods, so that user-defined subclasses can refuse to be equal to other collections of the same kind.

Removes all elements from the stack. After this operation completed, the stack will be empty.

This method clones the stack.

Builds a new collection by applying a partial function to all elements of this stack on which the function is defined.

Finds the first element of the traversable or iterator for which the given partial function is defined, and applies the partial function to it.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Iterates over combinations. A _combination_ of length n is a subsequence of the original sequence, with the elements taken in order. Thus, "xy" and "yy" are both length-2 combinations of "xyy", but "yx" is not. If there is more than one way to generate the same subsequence, only one will be returned.

For example, "xyyy" has three different ways to generate "xy" depending on whether the first, second, or third "y" is selected. However, since all are identical, only one will be chosen. Which of the three will be taken is an implementation detail that is not defined.

The factory companion object that builds instances of class Stack. (or its Iterable superclass where class Stack is not a Seq.)

Composes two instances of Function1 in a new Function1, with this function applied last.

Tests whether this sequence contains a given value as an element.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Copies the elements of this stack to an array. Fills the given array xs with at most len elements of this stack, starting at position start. Copying will stop once either the end of the current stack is reached, or the end of the target array is reached, or len elements have been copied.

Copies the elements of this stack to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this stack. Copying will stop once either the end of the current stack is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Copies the elements of this stack to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this stack, beginning at index start. Copying will stop once either the end of the current stack is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Copies all elements of this traversable or iterator to a buffer.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether every element of this sequence relates to the corresponding element of another sequence by satisfying a test predicate.

Counts the number of elements in the traversable or iterator which satisfy a predicate.

Computes the multiset difference between this stack and another sequence.

Builds a new sequence from this sequence without any duplicate elements.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Selects all elements except first n ones.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Selects all elements except last n ones.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Drops longest prefix of elements that satisfy a predicate.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Tests whether this sequence ends with the given sequence.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).

The eq method implements an equivalence relation on non-null instances of AnyRef, and has three additional properties:

• It is consistent: for any non-null instances x and y of type AnyRef, multiple invocations of x.eq(y) consistently returns true or consistently returns false.
• For any non-null instance x of type AnyRef, x.eq(null) and null.eq(x) returns false.
• null.eq(null) returns true.

When overriding the equals or hashCode methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2), they should be equal to each other (o1 == o2) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode).

Compares the receiver object (this) with the argument object (that) for equivalence.

Any implementation of this method should be an equivalence relation:

• It is reflexive: for any instance x of type Any, x.equals(x) should return true.
• It is symmetric: for any instances x and y of type Any, x.equals(y) should return true if and only if y.equals(x) returns true.
• It is transitive: for any instances x, y, and z of type Any if x.equals(y) returns true and y.equals(z) returns true, then x.equals(z) should return true.

If you override this method, you should verify that your implementation remains an equivalence relation. Additionally, when overriding this method it is usually necessary to override hashCode to ensure that objects which are "equal" (o1.equals(o2) returns true) hash to the same scala.Int. (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)).

Tests whether a predicate holds for at least one element of this iterable collection.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Selects all elements of this traversable collection which satisfy a predicate.

Selects all elements of this traversable collection which do not satisfy a predicate.

Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.

The details of when and if the finalize method is invoked, as well as the interaction between finalize and non-local returns and exceptions, are all platform dependent.

Finds the first element of the iterable collection satisfying a predicate, if any.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Builds a new collection by applying a function to all elements of this stack and using the elements of the resulting collections.

For example:

def getWords(lines: Seq[String]): Seq[String] = lines flatMap (line => line split "\\W+")

The type of the resulting collection is guided by the static type of stack. This might cause unexpected results sometimes. For example:

// lettersOf will return a Seq[Char] of likely repeated letters, instead of a Set
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words flatMap (word => word.toSet)

// lettersOf will return a Set[Char], not a Seq
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words.toSet flatMap (word => word.toSeq)

// xs will be an Iterable[Int]
val xs = Map("a" -> List(11,111), "b" -> List(22,222)).flatMap(_._2)

// ys will be a Map[Int, Int]
val ys = Map("a" -> List(1 -> 11,1 -> 111), "b" -> List(2 -> 22,2 -> 222)).flatMap(_._2)

Converts this stack of traversable collections into a stack formed by the elements of these traversable collections.

The resulting collection's type will be guided by the static type of stack. For example:

val xs = List(
           Set(1, 2, 3),
           Set(1, 2, 3)
         ).flatten
// xs == List(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

val ys = Set(
           List(1, 2, 3),
           List(3, 2, 1)
         ).flatten
// ys == Set(1, 2, 3)

Folds the elements of this traversable or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this iterable collection and a start value, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered. or the operator is associative and commutative.

Tests whether a predicate holds for all elements of this iterable collection.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Applies a function f to all elements of this stack.

Note: this method underlies the implementation of most other bulk operations. Subclasses should re-implement this method if a more efficient implementation exists.

Returns string formatted according to given format string. Format strings are as for String.format (@see java.lang.String.format).

The generic builder that builds instances of Traversable at arbitrary element types.

Returns the runtime class representation of the object.

Partitions this traversable collection into a map of traversable collections according to some discriminator function.

Note: this method is not re-implemented by views. This means when applied to a view it will always force the view and return a new traversable collection.

Partitions elements in fixed size iterable collections.

Tests whether this traversable collection is known to have a finite size. All strict collections are known to have finite size. For a non-strict collection such as Stream, the predicate returns true if all elements have been computed. It returns false if the stream is not yet evaluated to the end. Non-empty Iterators usually return false even if they were created from a collection with a known finite size.

Note: many collection methods will not work on collections of infinite sizes. The typical failure mode is an infinite loop. These methods always attempt a traversal without checking first that hasDefiniteSize returns true. However, checking hasDefiniteSize can provide an assurance that size is well-defined and non-termination is not a concern.

Calculate a hash code value for the object.

The default hashing algorithm is platform dependent.

Note that it is allowed for two objects to have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)) yet not be equal (o1.equals(o2) returns false). A degenerate implementation could always return 0. However, it is required that if two objects are equal (o1.equals(o2) returns true) that they have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)). Therefore, when overriding this method, be sure to verify that the behavior is consistent with the equals method.

Selects the first element of this iterable collection.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Optionally selects the first element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Finds index of first occurrence of some value in this stack after or at some start index.

Finds index of first occurrence of some value in this stack.

Finds first index after or at a start index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds first index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of the first element satisfying some predicate after or at some start index.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of first element satisfying some predicate.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Produces the range of all indices of this sequence.

Selects all elements except the last.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Iterates over the inits of this traversable collection. The first value will be this traversable collection and the final one will be an empty traversable collection, with the intervening values the results of successive applications of init.

Computes the multiset intersection between this stack and another sequence.

Tests whether this general sequence contains given index.

The implementations of methods apply and isDefinedAt turn a Seq[A] into a PartialFunction[Int, A].

Checks if the stack is empty.

Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.

Note that the result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression 1.isInstanceOf[String] will return false, while the expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]] will return true. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the specified type.

Tests whether this traversable collection can be repeatedly traversed.

Returns an iterator over all elements on the stack. This iterator is stable with respect to state changes in the stack object; i.e. such changes will not be reflected in the iterator. The iterator issues elements in the order they were inserted into the stack (FIFO order).

Selects the last element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Finds index of last occurrence of some value in this stack before or at a given end index.

Finds index of last occurrence of some value in this stack.

Finds last index before or at a given end index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Finds last index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of last element satisfying some predicate before or at given end index.

Finds index of last element satisfying some predicate.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Optionally selects the last element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Returns the length of this stack.

Compares the length of this sequence to a test value.

Turns this partial function into a plain function returning an Option result.

Builds a new collection by applying a function to all elements of this stack.

Finds the largest element.

Finds the first element which yields the largest value measured by function f.

Finds the smallest element.

Finds the first element which yields the smallest value measured by function f.

Displays all elements of this traversable or iterator in a string.

Displays all elements of this traversable or iterator in a string using a separator string.

Displays all elements of this traversable or iterator in a string using start, end, and separator strings.

Equivalent to !(this eq that).

The builder that builds instances of type Traversable[A]

Tests whether the traversable or iterator is not empty.

Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.

Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.

Composes this partial function with a fallback partial function which gets applied where this partial function is not defined.

A copy of this stack with an element value appended until a given target length is reached.

Returns a parallel implementation of this collection.

For most collection types, this method creates a new parallel collection by copying all the elements. For these collection, par takes linear time. Mutable collections in this category do not produce a mutable parallel collection that has the same underlying dataset, so changes in one collection will not be reflected in the other one.

Specific collections (e.g. ParArray or mutable.ParHashMap) override this default behaviour by creating a parallel collection which shares the same underlying dataset. For these collections, par takes constant or sublinear time.

All parallel collections return a reference to themselves.

The default par implementation uses the combiner provided by this method to create a new parallel collection.

Partitions this traversable collection in two traversable collections according to a predicate.

Produces a new stack where a slice of elements in this stack is replaced by another sequence.

Iterates over distinct permutations.

Removes the top element from the stack.

Returns the length of the longest prefix whose elements all satisfy some predicate.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Multiplies up the elements of this collection.

Push an element on the stack.

Push two or more elements onto the stack. The last element of the sequence will be on top of the new stack.

Push all elements in the given traversable object onto the stack. The last element in the traversable object will be on top of the new stack.

Reduces the elements of this traversable or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Reduces the elements of this traversable or iterator, if any, using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this iterable collection, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered. or the operator is associative and commutative.

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

The collection of type traversable collection underlying this TraversableLike object. By default this is implemented as the TraversableLike object itself, but this can be overridden.

Returns new sequence with elements in reversed order.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

An iterator yielding elements in reversed order.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: xs.reverseIterator is the same as xs.reverse.iterator but might be more efficient.

Builds a new collection by applying a function to all elements of this stack and collecting the results in reversed order.

Note: xs.reverseMap(f) is the same as xs.reverse.map(f) but might be more efficient.

Composes this partial function with an action function which gets applied to results of this partial function. The action function is invoked only for its side effects; its result is ignored.

Note that expression pf.runWith(action)(x) is equivalent to

if(pf isDefinedAt x) { action(pf(x)); true } else false

except that runWith is implemented via applyOrElse and thus potentially more efficient. Using runWith avoids double evaluation of pattern matchers and guards for partial function literals.

Checks if the other iterable collection contains the same elements in the same order as this stack.

Computes a prefix scan of the elements of the collection.

Note: The neutral element z may be applied more than once.

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going right to left. The head of the collection is the last cumulative result.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Example:

List(1, 2, 3, 4).scanRight(0)(_ + _) == List(10, 9, 7, 4, 0)

Computes length of longest segment whose elements all satisfy some predicate.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

A version of this collection with all of the operations implemented sequentially (i.e., in a single-threaded manner).

This method returns a reference to this collection. In parallel collections, it is redefined to return a sequential implementation of this collection. In both cases, it has O(1) complexity.

The size of this sequence, equivalent to length.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

The size of this collection or iterator, if it can be cheaply computed

Selects an interval of elements. The returned collection is made up of all elements x which satisfy the invariant:

from <= indexOf(x) < until

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Groups elements in fixed size blocks by passing a "sliding window" over them (as opposed to partitioning them, as is done in grouped.)

Groups elements in fixed size blocks by passing a "sliding window" over them (as opposed to partitioning them, as is done in grouped.) "Sliding window" step is 1 by default.

Sorts this Seq according to the Ordering which results from transforming an implicitly given Ordering with a transformation function.

Sorts this sequence according to a comparison function.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

The sort is stable. That is, elements that are equal (as determined by lt) appear in the same order in the sorted sequence as in the original.

Sorts this sequence according to an Ordering.

The sort is stable. That is, elements that are equal (as determined by lt) appear in the same order in the sorted sequence as in the original.

Splits this traversable collection into a prefix/suffix pair according to a predicate.

Note: c span p is equivalent to (but possibly more efficient than) (c takeWhile p, c dropWhile p), provided the evaluation of the predicate p does not cause any side-effects.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Splits this traversable collection into two at a given position. Note: c splitAt n is equivalent to (but possibly more efficient than) (c take n, c drop n).

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Tests whether this sequence contains the given sequence at a given index.

Note: If the both the receiver object this and the argument that are infinite sequences this method may not terminate.

Tests whether this general sequence starts with the given sequence.