LazyList

Appends all elements of this lazy list to a string builder using start, end, and separator strings. The written text begins with the string start and ends with the string end. Inside, the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this lazy list are separated by the string sep.

An undefined state is represented with "<not computed>" and cycles are represented with "<cycle>".

This method evaluates all elements of the collection.

A copy of this lazy list with an element appended.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1)
a: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val b = a :+ 2
b: List[Int] = List(1, 2)

scala> println(a)
List(1)

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Note: Repeated chaining of calls to append methods (appended, appendedAll, lazyAppendedAll) without forcing any of the intermediate resulting lazy lists may overflow the stack when the final result is forced.

Returns a new lazy list containing the elements from the left hand operand followed by the elements from the right hand operand. The element type of the lazy list is the most specific superclass encompassing the element types of the two operands.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Note: Repeated chaining of calls to append methods (appended, appendedAll, lazyAppendedAll) without forcing any of the intermediate resulting lazy lists may overflow the stack when the final result is forced.

Builds a new lazy list by applying a partial function to all elements of this lazy list on which the function is defined.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Finds the first element of the lazy list for which the given partial function is defined, and applies the partial function to it.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

This method does not evaluate any elements further than the first element for which the partial function is defined.

Computes the multiset difference between this lazy list and another sequence.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Selects all elements except first n ones.

This method does not evaluate anything until an operation is performed on the result (e.g. calling head or tail, or checking if it is empty). Additionally, it preserves laziness for all except the first n elements.

Selects all elements except last n ones.

This method does not evaluate anything until an operation is performed on the result (e.g. calling head or tail, or checking if it is empty).

Drops longest prefix of elements that satisfy a predicate.

This method does not evaluate anything until an operation is performed on the result (e.g. calling head or tail, or checking if it is empty). Additionally, it preserves laziness for all elements after the predicate returns false.

Selects all elements of this lazy list which satisfy a predicate.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Selects all elements of this lazy list which do not satisfy a predicate.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Finds the first element of the lazy list satisfying a predicate, if any.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

This method does not evaluate any elements further than the first element matching the predicate.

Builds a new lazy list by applying a function to all elements of this lazy list and using the elements of the resulting collections.

For example:

def getWords(lines: Seq[String]): Seq[String] = lines flatMap (line => line split "\\W+")

The type of the resulting collection is guided by the static type of lazy list. This might cause unexpected results sometimes. For example:

// lettersOf will return a Seq[Char] of likely repeated letters, instead of a Set
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words flatMap (word => word.toSet)

// lettersOf will return a Set[Char], not a Seq
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words.toSet flatMap ((word: String) => word.toSeq)

// xs will be an Iterable[Int]
val xs = Map("a" -> List(11,111), "b" -> List(22,222)).flatMap(_._2)

// ys will be a Map[Int, Int]
val ys = Map("a" -> List(1 -> 11,1 -> 111), "b" -> List(2 -> 22,2 -> 222)).flatMap(_._2)

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Converts this lazy list of traversable collections into a lazy list formed by the elements of these traversable collections.

The resulting collection's type will be guided by the type of lazy list. For example:

val xs = List(
           Set(1, 2, 3),
           Set(1, 2, 3)
         ).flatten
// xs == List(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

val ys = Set(
           List(1, 2, 3),
           List(3, 2, 1)
         ).flatten
// ys == Set(1, 2, 3)

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Evaluates all undefined elements of the lazy list.

This method detects cycles in lazy lists, and terminates after all elements of the cycle are evaluated. For example:

val ring: LazyList[Int] = 1 #:: 2 #:: 3 #:: ring
ring.force
ring.toString

// prints
//
// LazyList(1, 2, 3, ...)

This method will *not* terminate for non-cyclic infinite-sized collections.

Partitions elements in fixed size lazy lists.

The iterator returned by this method mostly preserves laziness; a single element ahead of the iterator is evaluated.

Computes the multiset intersection between this lazy list and another sequence.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Tests whether the lazy list is empty.

Note: Implementations in subclasses that are not repeatedly traversable must take care not to consume any elements when isEmpty is called.

Iterator can be used only once

The iterator returned by this method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

The lazy list resulting from the concatenation of this lazy list with the argument lazy list.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Note: Repeated chaining of calls to append methods (appended, appendedAll, lazyAppendedAll) without forcing any of the intermediate resulting lazy lists may overflow the stack when the final result is forced.

Analogous to zip except that the elements in each collection are not consumed until a strict operation is invoked on the returned LazyZip2 decorator.

Calls to lazyZip can be chained to support higher arities (up to 4) without incurring the expense of constructing and deconstructing intermediary tuples.

val xs = List(1, 2, 3)
val res = (xs lazyZip xs lazyZip xs lazyZip xs).map((a, b, c, d) => a + b + c + d)
// res == List(4, 8, 12)

This method is not particularly useful for a lazy list, as zip already preserves laziness.

The collection.LazyZip2 returned by this method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Builds a new lazy list by applying a function to all elements of this lazy list.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

A copy of this lazy list with an element value appended until a given target length is reached.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

A pair of, first, all elements that satisfy predicate p and, second, all elements that do not. Interesting because it splits a collection in two.

The default implementation provided here needs to traverse the collection twice. Strict collections have an overridden version of partition in StrictOptimizedIterableOps, which requires only a single traversal.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Applies a function f to each element of the lazy list and returns a pair of lazy lists: the first one made of those values returned by f that were wrapped in scala.util.Left, and the second one made of those wrapped in scala.util.Right.

Example:

val xs = `LazyList`(1, "one", 2, "two", 3, "three") partitionMap {
 case i: Int => Left(i)
 case s: String => Right(s)
}
// xs == (`LazyList`(1, 2, 3),
//        `LazyList`(one, two, three))

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Produces a new lazy list where a slice of elements in this lazy list is replaced by another sequence.

Patching at negative indices is the same as patching starting at 0. Patching at indices at or larger than the length of the original lazy list appends the patch to the end. If more values are replaced than actually exist, the excess is ignored.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

A copy of the lazy list with an element prepended.

Also, the original lazy list is not modified, so you will want to capture the result.

Example:

scala> val x = List(1)
x: List[Int] = List(1)

scala> val y = 2 +: x
y: List[Int] = List(2, 1)

scala> println(x)
List(1)

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

As with :++, returns a new collection containing the elements from the left operand followed by the elements from the right operand.

It differs from :++ in that the right operand determines the type of the resulting collection rather than the left one. Mnemonic: the COLon is on the side of the new COLlection type.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Returns new lazy list with elements in reversed order.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

This method evaluates all elements of the collection.

Produces a lazy list containing cumulative results of applying the operator going left to right, including the initial value.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Selects an interval of elements. The returned lazy list is made up of all elements x which satisfy the invariant:

from <= indexOf(x) < until

This method does not evaluate anything until an operation is performed on the result (e.g. calling head or tail, or checking if it is empty). Additionally, it preserves laziness for all but the first from elements.

Groups elements in fixed size blocks by passing a "sliding window" over them (as opposed to partitioning them, as is done in grouped.)

The returned iterator will be empty when called on an empty collection. The last element the iterator produces may be smaller than the window size when the original collection isn't exhausted by the window before it and its last element isn't skipped by the step before it.

The iterator returned by this method mostly preserves laziness; size - step max 1 elements ahead of the iterator are evaluated.

Selects the first n elements.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Selects the last n elements.

This method does not evaluate anything until an operation is performed on the result (e.g. calling head or tail, or checking if it is empty).

Takes longest prefix of elements that satisfy a predicate.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Applies a side-effecting function to each element in this collection. Strict collections will apply f to their elements immediately, while lazy collections like Views and LazyLists will only apply f on each element if and when that element is evaluated, and each time that element is evaluated.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Transposes this lazy list of iterable collections into a lazy list of lazy lists.

The resulting collection's type will be guided by the static type of lazy list. For example:

val xs = List(
           Set(1, 2, 3),
           Set(4, 5, 6)).transpose
// xs == List(
//         List(1, 4),
//         List(2, 5),
//         List(3, 6))

val ys = Vector(
           List(1, 2, 3),
           List(4, 5, 6)).transpose
// ys == Vector(
//         Vector(1, 4),
//         Vector(2, 5),
//         Vector(3, 6))

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

This method evaluates all elements of the collection.

Converts this lazy list of pairs into two collections of the first and second half of each pair.

val xs = `LazyList`(
           (1, "one"),
           (2, "two"),
           (3, "three")).unzip
// xs == (`LazyList`(1, 2, 3),
//        `LazyList`(one, two, three))

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Converts this lazy list of triples into three collections of the first, second, and third element of each triple.

val xs = `LazyList`(
           (1, "one", '1'),
           (2, "two", '2'),
           (3, "three", '3')).unzip3
// xs == (`LazyList`(1, 2, 3),
//        `LazyList`(one, two, three),
//        `LazyList`(1, 2, 3))

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

A copy of this lazy list with one single replaced element.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

A collection.WithFilter which allows GC of the head of lazy list during processing.

This method is not particularly useful for a lazy list, as filter already preserves laziness.

The collection.WithFilter returned by this method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Returns a lazy list formed from this lazy list and another iterable collection by combining corresponding elements in pairs. If one of the two collections is longer than the other, its remaining elements are ignored.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Returns a lazy list formed from this lazy list and another iterable collection by combining corresponding elements in pairs. If one of the two collections is shorter than the other, placeholder elements are used to extend the shorter collection to the length of the longer.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Zips this lazy list with its indices.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Tests whether this lazy list is known to have a finite size. All strict collections are known to have finite size. For a non-strict collection such as Stream, the predicate returns true if all elements have been computed. It returns false if the stream is not yet evaluated to the end. Non-empty Iterators usually return false even if they were created from a collection with a known finite size.

Note: many collection methods will not work on collections of infinite sizes. The typical failure mode is an infinite loop. These methods always attempt a traversal without checking first that hasDefiniteSize returns true. However, checking hasDefiniteSize can provide an assurance that size is well-defined and non-termination is not a concern.

This method preserves laziness; elements are only evaluated individually as needed.

Alias for prepended.

Note that :-ending operators are right associative (see example). A mnemonic for +: vs. :+ is: the COLon goes on the COLlection side.

Alias for appended

Note that :-ending operators are right associative (see example). A mnemonic for +: vs. :+ is: the COLon goes on the COLlection side.

Appends all elements of this collection to a string builder. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this collection without any separator string.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> val h = a.addString(b)
h: StringBuilder = 1234

Appends all elements of this collection to a string builder using a separator string. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString) of all elements of this collection, separated by the string sep.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> a.addString(b, ", ")
res0: StringBuilder = 1, 2, 3, 4

Composes this partial function with another partial function that gets applied to results of this partial function.

Note that calling isDefinedAt on the resulting partial function may apply the first partial function and execute its side effect. For efficiency, it is recommended to call applyOrElse instead of isDefinedAt or apply.

Composes this partial function with a transformation function that gets applied to results of this partial function.

If the runtime type of the function is a PartialFunction then the other andThen method is used (note its cautions).

Applies this partial function to the given argument when it is contained in the function domain. Applies fallback function where this partial function is not defined.

Note that expression pf.applyOrElse(x, default) is equivalent to

if(pf isDefinedAt x) pf(x) else default(x)

except that applyOrElse method can be implemented more efficiently. For all partial function literals the compiler generates an applyOrElse implementation which avoids double evaluation of pattern matchers and guards. This makes applyOrElse the basis for the efficient implementation for many operations and scenarios, such as:

- combining partial functions into orElse/andThen chains does not lead to excessive apply/isDefinedAt evaluation - lift and unlift do not evaluate source functions twice on each invocation - runWith allows efficient imperative-style combining of partial functions with conditionally applied actions

For non-literal partial function classes with nontrivial isDefinedAt method it is recommended to override applyOrElse with custom implementation that avoids double isDefinedAt evaluation. This may result in better performance and more predictable behavior w.r.t. side effects.

Iterates over combinations. A _combination_ of length n is a subsequence of the original sequence, with the elements taken in order. Thus, "xy" and "yy" are both length-2 combinations of "xyy", but "yx" is not. If there is more than one way to generate the same subsequence, only one will be returned.

For example, "xyyy" has three different ways to generate "xy" depending on whether the first, second, or third "y" is selected. However, since all are identical, only one will be chosen. Which of the three will be taken is an implementation detail that is not defined.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Composes another partial function k with this partial function so that this partial function gets applied to results of k.

Note that calling isDefinedAt on the resulting partial function may apply the first partial function and execute its side effect. For efficiency, it is recommended to call applyOrElse instead of isDefinedAt or apply.

Tests whether this sequence contains a given value as an element.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Copy elements to an array, returning the number of elements written.

Fills the given array xs starting at index start with at most len elements of this collection.

Copying will stop once either all the elements of this collection have been copied, or the end of the array is reached, or len elements have been copied.

Copy elements to an array, returning the number of elements written.

Fills the given array xs starting at index start with values of this collection.

Copying will stop once either all the elements of this collection have been copied, or the end of the array is reached.

Copy elements to an array, returning the number of elements written.

Fills the given array xs starting at index start with values of this collection.

Copying will stop once either all the elements of this collection have been copied, or the end of the array is reached.

Tests whether every element of this collection's iterator relates to the corresponding element of another collection by satisfying a test predicate.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Counts the number of elements in the collection which satisfy a predicate.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether this sequence ends with the given sequence.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether a predicate holds for at least one element of this sequence.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the last element of the sequence satisfying a predicate, if any.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Folds the elements of this collection using the specified associative binary operator. The default implementation in IterableOnce is equivalent to foldLeft but may be overridden for more efficient traversal orders.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection and a start value, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Tests whether a predicate holds for all elements of this sequence.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Defines how to turn a given Iterable[A] into a collection of type C.

This process can be done in a strict way or a non-strict way (ie. without evaluating the elements of the resulting collections). In other words, this methods defines the evaluation model of the collection.

Partitions this iterable collection into a map of iterable collections according to some discriminator function.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Partitions this iterable collection into a map of iterable collections according to a discriminator function key. Each element in a group is transformed into a value of type B using the value function.

It is equivalent to groupBy(key).mapValues(_.map(f)), but more efficient.

case class User(name: String, age: Int)

def namesByAge(users: Seq[User]): Map[Int, Seq[String]] =
  users.groupMap(_.age)(_.name)

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Partitions this iterable collection into a map according to a discriminator function key. All the values that have the same discriminator are then transformed by the f function and then reduced into a single value with the reduce function.

It is equivalent to groupBy(key).mapValues(_.map(f).reduce(reduce)), but more efficient.

def occurrences[A](as: Seq[A]): Map[A, Int] =
  as.groupMapReduce(identity)(_ => 1)(_ + _)

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Calculate a hash code value for the object.

The default hashing algorithm is platform dependent.

Note that it is allowed for two objects to have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)) yet not be equal (o1.equals(o2) returns false). A degenerate implementation could always return 0. However, it is required that if two objects are equal (o1.equals(o2) returns true) that they have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)). Therefore, when overriding this method, be sure to verify that the behavior is consistent with the equals method.

Finds first index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds first index after or at a start index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of the first element satisfying some predicate after or at some start index.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of the first element satisfying some predicate.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Produces the range of all indices of this sequence.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

The initial part of the collection without its last element.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Iterates over the inits of this iterable collection. The first value will be this iterable collection and the final one will be an empty iterable collection, with the intervening values the results of successive applications of init.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Tests whether this sequence contains given index.

The implementations of methods apply and isDefinedAt turn a Seq[A] into a PartialFunction[Int, A].

Finds index of last occurrence of some value in this sequence before or at a given end index.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds last index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds last index before or at a given end index where this sequence contains a given sequence as a slice.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of last element satisfying some predicate before or at given end index.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds index of last element satisfying some predicate.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Optionally selects the last element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Returns a value class containing operations for comparing the length of this sequence to a test value.

These operations are implemented in terms of lengthCompare(Int), and allow the following more readable usages:

this.lengthIs < len     // this.lengthCompare(len) < 0
this.lengthIs <= len    // this.lengthCompare(len) <= 0
this.lengthIs == len    // this.lengthCompare(len) == 0
this.lengthIs != len    // this.lengthCompare(len) != 0
this.lengthIs >= len    // this.lengthCompare(len) >= 0
this.lengthIs > len     // this.lengthCompare(len) > 0

Finds the largest element.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the first element which yields the largest value measured by function f.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the first element which yields the largest value measured by function f.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the largest element.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the smallest element.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the first element which yields the smallest value measured by function f.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the first element which yields the smallest value measured by function f.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Finds the smallest element.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Displays all elements of this collection in a string.

Delegates to addString, which can be overridden.

Displays all elements of this collection in a string using a separator string.

Delegates to addString, which can be overridden.

Displays all elements of this collection in a string using start, end, and separator strings.

Delegates to addString, which can be overridden.

Iterates over distinct permutations.

Note: Even when applied to a view or a lazy collection it will always force the elements.

Multiplies up the elements of this collection.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Reduces the elements of this collection using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.